Essential terms and definitions in software development, AI, cloud computing, cybersecurity, and product design — written by the BlackBox Tech team.
A set of protocols, routines, and tools that allow different software applications to communicate with each other. APIs define the methods and data formats that programs can use to request and exchange information.
An iterative approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback. Agile teams deliver work in small increments (sprints) rather than trying to deliver everything at once.
The practice of building both the front-end (client-side) and back-end (server-side) portions of a web application. Full-stack developers handle everything from user interface design to database management and API creation.
A software development approach where an application is structured as a collection of loosely coupled, independently deployable services. Each service runs a unique process and communicates through well-defined APIs.
A web application that uses modern browser features to deliver an app-like experience. PWAs work offline, load instantly, support push notifications, and can be installed on the home screen.
An architectural style for designing networked applications. REST APIs use standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) and return data in formats like JSON, making them ideal for web and mobile integrations.
A system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that specific versions can be recalled later. Git is the most widely used version control system, enabling collaboration and code history tracking.
A communication protocol providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. Unlike HTTP, WebSockets allow real-time data flow between client and server — ideal for chat apps, live dashboards, and gaming.
The simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems. AI includes machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics — enabling machines to learn from data, make decisions, and improve over time.
A subset of artificial intelligence that enables systems to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. ML algorithms use statistical techniques to find patterns in data.
A branch of AI that gives computers the ability to understand, interpret, and generate human language. NLP powers chatbots, translation services, sentiment analysis, and voice assistants.
The practice of optimizing websites to rank higher in search engine results. SEO involves technical optimization, content quality, keyword research, and link building to increase organic (non-paid) traffic.
The delivery of computing services — including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics — over the internet ('the cloud'). It enables faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.
A set of practices that combine code integration, automated testing, and automated deployment. CI/CD pipelines allow development teams to deliver code changes more frequently and reliably.
A set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops). DevOps aims to shorten the development lifecycle, deliver features frequently, and ensure high software quality through automation and collaboration.
A software distribution model where applications are hosted by a provider and made available to customers over the internet. Users typically pay a subscription fee rather than purchasing software outright.
A cloud computing model where the cloud provider manages server infrastructure automatically. Developers write and deploy code without worrying about servers, scaling, or maintenance — paying only for actual compute time.
The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. It encompasses threat detection, prevention, and response to protect sensitive data and maintain business continuity.
A security framework that requires strict identity verification for every person and device trying to access resources on a network. It operates on the principle of 'never trust, always verify' — regardless of location.
A web design approach that ensures websites look and function well on all devices and screen sizes. It uses flexible layouts, fluid grids, and CSS media queries to adapt the user experience to different viewports.
UI Design focuses on the visual elements users interact with — buttons, layouts, typography. UX Design focuses on the overall experience — usability, accessibility, and satisfaction. Together, they create products people love to use.
The practice of making websites usable by people with disabilities. It ensures that web content is perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust for all users, including those using assistive technologies.
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